一、科學(xué)的配方與營(yíng)養(yǎng)控制
1.合理選擇原料
研究表明，水產(chǎn)飼料原料的組成與配比對(duì)飼料水中穩(wěn)定性的影響較大。一些原料可提高飼料水中穩(wěn)定性，它們?cè)陲暳吓浞街兴嫉谋壤�，產(chǎn)品的水中穩(wěn)定性就好。據(jù)報(bào)道，常用原料的水中穩(wěn)定性由強(qiáng)到弱依次為面粉、棉籽粕、小麥、魚(yú)粉、菜籽粕、豆粕 、蠶蛹、熬皮、玉米黃粉、玉米、米糠。當(dāng)然，同一種原料，由于不同品種來(lái)源和不同原料處理方式，其最終產(chǎn)品的耐水性也有所差異。
2.適宜的淀粉、粗纖維和水分含量
淀粉在溫度高、濕度大的條件下容易糊化，利于粘結(jié)，是影響水產(chǎn)飼料水中穩(wěn)定性的重要原料之一。由于水產(chǎn)飼料蛋白質(zhì)水平要求高（25 %-45 %），所以對(duì)淀粉類原料的用量有一定的限制。在生產(chǎn)中用適量的面粉代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的黃粉等原料，可收到良好的效果。由于粗纖維粘性差而影響顆粒的硬度和成形率 , 水產(chǎn)飼料 中粗纖維含量控制在3 %-5 %可提高飼料的耐水性。原料中的水分，不但影響粉碎的質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量，而且也制約著制粒的效果，一般壓粒前的原料含水量控制在12 %-13 %。
3.粘合劑的使用
目前，市場(chǎng)上使用的粘合劑的種類有很多，但不同的粘合劑 , 使用效果有所差異。選擇粘合劑時(shí)應(yīng)注意：1）考慮養(yǎng)殖動(dòng)物的食性及對(duì)餌料水中穩(wěn)定性的要求。一般攝食緩慢的魚(yú)蝦需較高的水中穩(wěn)定性，而攝食快速的魚(yú)蝦需較低的水中穩(wěn)定性；2）考慮粘合劑的性質(zhì)、適用量和成本；3）考慮粘合劑與飼料之間的互作效應(yīng)，看其是否會(huì)破壞營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分。
二、先進(jìn)的加工技術(shù)與工藝
1.掌握好粉碎粒度關(guān)
2.控制好調(diào)質(zhì)關(guān)
飼料廠多采用蒸汽進(jìn)行調(diào)質(zhì)，即直接將蒸汽通人配制好的物料進(jìn)行水熱處理。因此，控制好進(jìn)料的速度，選擇好調(diào)質(zhì)的時(shí)間、溫度、壓力和水分至關(guān)重要；
3.把握好制粒關(guān)
目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的顆粒飼料機(jī)為環(huán)模壓粒機(jī)和平模壓粒機(jī)。飼料廠應(yīng)根據(jù)不同水產(chǎn)飼料的要求、原料的特性及加工工藝等合理選擇環(huán)模，調(diào)整模輥間隙、切刀位置等。有條件的飼料企業(yè)亦可用重復(fù)制粒工藝來(lái)提高飼料的水中穩(wěn)定性；
4.調(diào)控好冷卻關(guān)
冷卻即降低制粒后的溫度和濕度。冷卻好的飼料硬度增加，能有效阻止水分的進(jìn)人，同時(shí)水分降低可使顆粒飼料在水中穩(wěn)定性增強(qiáng)。通常水產(chǎn)飼料剛排出冷卻器的溫度比室溫高6-9 ℃，冷卻后的水分為12 % -12.5 %。生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)根據(jù)物料、顆粒的特點(diǎn)及冷卻器的種類選擇合適的冷卻時(shí)間和空氣量。
The English version
One, scientific formula and nutrition control
1. Reasonable choice materials
Studies have shown that the components of the aquatic feed raw materials and the ratio of the large effect on the stability of the feed water. Some raw material feed water stability can be improved, and the proportion of them in the feed formulation, the water stability of the product is good. According to the report, commonly used the water stability of the raw material from strong to weak, in order, cottonseed meal, wheat flour, soybean meal, fish meal, meal, silkworm chrysalis, boil, maize yellow powder, corn, rice bran. Source, of course, the same kind of raw material, due to the different varieties and different raw material handling, water resistance and the difference of the final product.
2. Suitable starch, crude fiber and water content
Starch under the condition of high temperature, high humidity, easy to paste, binder, is an important raw material of influence the stability of the aquatic feed water. Because of the aquatic feed protein level demand is high (25% 45%), so the dosage of starchy materials have certain restrictions. In the production with the right amount of raw materials such as flour instead of traditional yellow powder, can receive good effect. Due to the crude fiber viscosity difference influence the hardness of particles and forming rate, crude fiber content in aquatic feed control in 3% 5% of feed water resistance can be improved. Moisture in the raw material, not only affect the quality of the grinding and production, but also restricts the granulating effect, general pressure before the grain raw material moisture content control in the 12% to 13%.
3. The use of adhesives
Current, the kind of the adhesive used on the market has a lot of, but different adhesive, different use effect. Choosing adhesive should be paid attention to: 1) considering farmed animals feeding on the bait the water stability requirements. Generally slow feeding fish and shrimp to higher the water stability, and rapid feeding fish and shrimp to lower the water stability; 2) considering the properties of the adhesive, suitable quantity and cost; 3) considering the interaction effect between adhesive and feed, to see if it would destroy the nutrients.
Second, advanced processing technology and process
1. Grasp the granularity level
2. Good conditioning control
Feed mills use steam for more conditioning, namely steam directly to our factory makes a good material for water treatment. Therefore, good control of feed speed, choose good quality time, temperature, pressure and moisture is essential;
3. Hold good granulating
Currently the most widely used for the ring die pellet feed machine machine peace moulding machine. Feed mills should according to the different requirements of aquatic feed, raw material characteristics and processing technology of reasonable choose ring die, such as adjust the roll gap, cutter location, etc. Conditional feed enterprises repeated granulating process can also be used to improve the stability of feed water;
4. Good cooling control
After cooling the lower granulating temperature and humidity. Cooling good feed hardness increase, can effectively prevent moisture into people, at the same time water feed particles in the water will be reduced by stability enhancement. Usually just aquatic feed out of the cooler temperature is higher than room temperature 6-9 ℃, cooling water after 12% - 12.5%. Production should be according to the characteristics of the materials, grain and type of cooler cooling time and choose the appropriate amount of air.
