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——教槽料常規(guī)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)遭質(zhì)疑
教槽的本質(zhì)是教會(huì)仔豬適應(yīng)飼料，促進(jìn)腸道及相關(guān)酶體系發(fā)育，仔豬體重的大小取決于母豬健康與采食量，拉稀與否歸根結(jié)底在于基因和管理水平，把所有問(wèn)題押寶在教槽料方面，并不合理。
教槽料作為飼料中的高端產(chǎn)品，利潤(rùn)高，市場(chǎng)空間潛力巨大。飼企在推廣教槽料時(shí)，普遍強(qiáng)調(diào)其相對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手在日增重、抗拉稀方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)。但不少行業(yè)人士卻有不同看法，認(rèn)為教槽料的關(guān)鍵作用是讓仔豬成功從吃奶轉(zhuǎn)為吃料，不宜對(duì)日增重、抗拉稀要求過(guò)高。
爭(zhēng)議1：教槽是否要求長(zhǎng)得快
不止一名受訪者認(rèn)為，教槽料起承上啟下的作用，上承奶水，下啟保育料。其本質(zhì)是滿(mǎn)足哺乳階段的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求�！八允褂媒滩哿蠎�(yīng)該關(guān)注日增重�！�
而湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物醫(yī)學(xué)院教授劉自逵指出，教槽料能讓豬長(zhǎng)體重，但主要是長(zhǎng)膘，變成了一個(gè)沒(méi)有骨頭的大胖子，全身肥嘟嘟，蒼白又嗜睡。是一種不健康的肥胖。在母豬奶水充足的前提下，哺乳仔豬是不缺營(yíng)養(yǎng)的，此時(shí)教槽是教不上的，料槽往往成為了仔豬拉屎拉尿的器具。“教槽料談增重不科學(xué)，特別是斷奶重�！�
“部分產(chǎn)品過(guò)度關(guān)注抗腹瀉性能，忽視了抗生素濫用的危害。”深圳市金新農(nóng)飼料股份有限公司研發(fā)中心高級(jí)配方師舒丹平認(rèn)為，仔豬不拉稀，看起來(lái)皮紅毛亮，養(yǎng)戶(hù)也自然形成了重視皮毛而不關(guān)注腸道的誤區(qū)。
綜合來(lái)看，追求教槽料單一指標(biāo)容易造成暗傷，重要的是關(guān)注仔豬腸道健康和營(yíng)養(yǎng)平衡。價(jià)格高、味道香、不拉稀、采食多……這些概念不一定是教槽料的品質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
爭(zhēng)議2：教槽是否吃夠500g
在使用教槽料的天數(shù)、用量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上，各方觀點(diǎn)也存在分歧。
“很多養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)，一般使用教槽料<7天，總的飼喂量在400-500g，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿(mǎn)足斷奶仔豬的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求�！币幻暳蠘I(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)理認(rèn)為很多豬場(chǎng)使用教槽料時(shí)間可長(zhǎng)可短，用量可大可小。
劉自逵認(rèn)為，教槽越成功，說(shuō)明母豬奶水越不足、采食量越低，養(yǎng)殖戶(hù)應(yīng)該警醒是不是母豬出了健康問(wèn)題�！�4日齡過(guò)早教槽、濫用教槽料和常見(jiàn)的以仔豬吃夠500g為教槽成功標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是最大的誤導(dǎo)�！�
“教槽不一定需要教槽料�！眲⒆藻臃治稣f(shuō)，據(jù)臨床觀察，很多仔豬看到母豬吃什么，它也吃什么，所以母豬料就可以作為教槽料，關(guān)鍵是能不能刺激仔豬胃腸的發(fā)育，安全度過(guò)斷奶應(yīng)激。
河南民正農(nóng)牧股份有限公司郭延恩認(rèn)為，教槽料不一定非是廠家的飼料，在教槽初期可以采用一些簡(jiǎn)單的飼料原料，比如玉米、大米即可。
鏈接
各家教槽方法PK
引誘—適應(yīng)—習(xí)慣—學(xué)會(huì)吃料—盡可能地多吃料，是仔豬教槽的操作核心。
劉自逵（湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物醫(yī)學(xué)院教授）：用稻谷煮粥飼喂就可以達(dá)到教槽目的。如果感覺(jué)煮粥麻煩，可以將稻谷或碎米用1.2mm篩片粉碎并二次熟化，用熱水一調(diào)就變成粥。可以選擇兩種方法飼喂：斷奶前五天開(kāi)始飼喂，在其中添加少量保育料，先稀后干，斷奶后五天（第10天）過(guò)渡到正常吃保育料；或斷奶開(kāi)始飼喂，方法如前，十天過(guò)渡，就能很好地解決仔豬教槽問(wèn)題。
郭延恩（河南民正農(nóng)牧股份有限公司）：仔豬在3-5天飲水時(shí)，在料盤(pán)水里面放置少許飼料，添加白糖。仔豬喝水的同時(shí)也吃進(jìn)去飼料，每天三次，固定時(shí)間，誘食效果較好。仔豬日采食量分配：自分娩第五天起，每日每頭5克，第二周每頭每天10克，第三周每頭每天15-20克。如果母豬奶水不好，可以加足量以仔豬吃?xún)魹闇?zhǔn)。前期教槽時(shí)水中再添加奶粉效果就會(huì)更好，乳香對(duì)仔豬有很強(qiáng)的誘食性。
楊偉春（傲農(nóng)集團(tuán)技術(shù)中心技術(shù)經(jīng)理）：一般選擇仔豬在10-14日齡開(kāi)始教槽，讓仔豬適應(yīng)教槽料的形狀、氣味，誘導(dǎo)仔豬胃腸道產(chǎn)生消化酶，以利于消化吸收。仔豬24日齡以上斷奶較好，此時(shí)仔豬斷奶體重約14斤。此外，斷奶后選擇自由采食方式。如果分餐飼喂，一般每天飼喂6-8餐，飼喂量按照體重的5%進(jìn)行估計(jì)。
行家談教槽料評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：評(píng)價(jià)教槽料一般看使用后，乳豬采食量、生長(zhǎng)速度是否持續(xù)增加，腹瀉率是否降低。通常在豬種與軟硬件管理技術(shù)都具備的條件下，好的教槽料乳豬應(yīng)有的表現(xiàn)為喜歡吃、消化好（通過(guò)糞便的觀察）、采食量大，尤其是教槽料結(jié)束過(guò)渡下一產(chǎn)品后的l周內(nèi)。營(yíng)養(yǎng)性腹瀉率低于20%；日均增重250克以上；日均采食量為300克以上。日常生產(chǎn)中養(yǎng)豬場(chǎng)還要做好生產(chǎn)記錄，分析數(shù)據(jù)，不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題，不斷提高豬場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)水平。
The English version
- teach slot expected regular quality evaluation standard was questioned
Teach slot is the nature of the church to feed piglets, promote intestinal development and related enzyme system, depends on the size of the sow health piglets weight and feed intake, diarrhea or not in the final analysis is that genes and the management level, the all problems on teaching material, is not reasonable.
Teaching material as high-end products in the feed trough, the profit is high, the market potential is tremendous. Feeding enterprises in promoting teaching tank material, generally emphasize its relative competitors in daily gain, anti diarrhea advantage. But have different views, many people in the industry think teach slot materials is to make the key role of piglet from milk to eat material success, unfavorable to the daily gain, anti diarrhea for too much.
Debate 1: teach slot whether to ask grow faster
More than one thought, teach slot in the essential role, deck milk, the conservation of material. Its essence is to meet lactation stage nutritional requirements. "So use teach slot materials should pay attention to daily gain."
And hunan agricultural university medical school professor zi-kui liu pointed out that teach slot can make long pig weight, but the main is to fatten up, turned into a big fat man, no bone body fleshy, pale and sleepiness. Obesity is a kind of unhealthy. In the premise of enough milk, lactation piglet is not lack of nutrition, taught at this time slot is don't teach, often become the manger piglet instruments of move bowels to pull the urine. "Teach slot is expected to talk about weight gain is not science, especially the weaning weight."
"Some products focusing too much on diarrhea resistance, ignoring the dangers of the abuse of antibiotics." Jin Xinnong feed co., LTD. Of shenzhen r&d center advanced formula ShuDanPing thinks, piglet diarrhea, looks and Mao Liang, is naturally formed of a attaches great importance to the myth of the gut fur without attention.
Taken together, the pursuit of material single indexes in teaching cause perceptible, it is important to focus on piglets intestinal health and nutritional balance. Price is high, taste sweet, no diarrhea, eating more... These concepts are not necessarily teach slot material quality standards.
Controversial 2: teach slot whether to eat 500 g
Teaching trough the number of days, the dosage standard in use, the arguments are divided.
"A lot of farmers, generally use the tank material < 7 days, on the feeding amount in 400-500 - g, far cannot meet the nutritional needs of weaned piglets." A feed business manager think many pig farms use teach slot time can be long or short, but can small dosage.
Zi-kui liu believes that teach slot, the more successful that milk is insufficient, the lower the feed intake, farmers should be alert if sow the health problems. "Four days of age early education, abuse of teaching materials and common to eat 500 g for piglets teach slot success criteria is one of the biggest is misleading."
"Teach slot does not necessarily need to slot material." Analysis zi-kui liu said, according to clinical observation, a lot of piglet see sow what to eat, it is to eat what, so the sow taught slots can be used as a material, the key is can stimulate the piglet gastrointestinal development, security through weaned stresses.
Is agriculture and animal husbandry co., LTD., henan people Guo Yanen argues that teaching material is not necessarily manufacturer of feed trough, the teaching can use some simple early feed raw materials, such as corn, rice.
link
PK tutor slot method
Lure, adaptation, habit, learn to eat fodder - eat as much as possible, is the core the operation of the piglets teach slot.
Animal zi-kui liu (hunan agricultural university medical school professor) : use rice porridge feeding can achieve teach slot. If feel cooked porridge, rice or broken rice can be 1.2 mm sieve plate made crushing and secondary cure, with hot water time becomes congee. Can choose two methods of feeding: just five days before weaning feeding, add a small amount of conservation, diluted before they are dry, five days after weaning (10 days) to eat normal conservation material; Or start feeding weaning, methods such as before, transition, ten days can well solve the problem of piglet teach slot.
Guo Yanen (henan is agriculture and animal husbandry co., LTD.) : piglet in 3 to 5 days when drinking water, placed a few to feed in raw water, adding sugar. Piglets drink water and eat in feed, three times a day, fixed time, induced effect is better. Piglet feed intake distribution: since birth day 5, 5 grams per head per day, in the second week of each 10 grams per day, the third week per head 15 to 20 grams per day. If milk is not good, can add enough the piglet eat net shall prevail. Early teach tank when the water to add milk powder effect will be better, frankincense on piglet these products have very strong.
Yang Weichun (proud farmer group technology center manager) : generally choose piglets in 10-14 days of age began to teach slot, let piglets to adapt to the teaching of the slot shape, smell, inducing piglet gastrointestinal digestive enzymes, to facilitate digestion and absorption. Piglets weaned after 24 years old, at this point the piglet weaning weight is about 14 kg. In addition, the choice feeding way after weaning. If the dinning feeding, general feeding 6-8 meal every day, feeding amount according to the weight of 5%.
Experts talk about teach slot material evaluation standard, evaluation of teaching material generally see, after using Suckling pig feed intake and growth rate is increasing, diarrhea rate is lower. Usually in the pig and the hardware and software management technology has, under the condition of good teaching performance slot should Suckling pig have to like to eat, good digestion (through the observation of feces), feed intake, especially teach slot is expected to end the transition l weeks after the next product. The nutritional diarrhea rate lower than 20%; Average daily gain weight more than 250 grams; Average daily feed intake of more than 300 grams. Pig farms in daily production need to get production records, analyze data, to constantly find and solve problems, constantly raise the level of pig production.
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