（1） 物理方法
1、篩選法 利用機械或人工的方法行對飼料進(jìn)行篩選，剔除霉變飼料；然后將未霉變的飼料進(jìn)一步干燥，以達(dá)到去霉防霉變的目的。
2、漂洗法 對玉米、大豆等顆粒狀原料，用清水漂洗或用2%石灰水進(jìn)行反復(fù)漂洗，即能去除霉菌毒素。
3、熱處理法 對于餅粕類原料，在150度的溫度下焙烤30分鐘或是微波加熱8~9分鐘，可使48%~61%的黃曲霉毒素B1和32%~40%的黃曲霉毒素G1被破壞。
（2） 化學(xué)方法
1、氨化處理 將霉變飼料密封在熏蒸罐或是塑料薄膜袋中，使其含水量在15%以上，能上氨氣熏蒸10小時。大豆粉的毒方法是：在相對濕度為50%情況下，在大豆粉中添加2%的尿素作為尿素酶原，密封10小時，可以破壞70%以上的黃曲霉毒素B1.
2、黏土或是沸石處理 黏土和沸石的主要成分為硅鋁酸鹽。硅鋁酸鹽能選擇生地與黃曲霉毒素B1結(jié)合，在水溶液中，它對于該毒素吸附率達(dá)80%以上。常用方法是在飼料中添加0.5%的黏土或沸石，既能促進(jìn)畜禽的生長發(fā)育又能去除霉菌毒素。
3、生石灰處理 在霉變的豬飼料中添加5%的生石灰，其去毒率為90%-99%。
（3） 生物學(xué)方法
利用乳酸菌進(jìn)行發(fā)酵，在酶的催化作用下，使用黃曲霉毒素B1轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槎拘暂^小的B2。用這種方法處理飼料，不僅降低飼料中的霉菌毒素的毒性，還可增加飼料營養(yǎng)（菌體蛋白）。改善適口性。須注意的是，以上處理方法僅適用于輕度發(fā)霉的飼料，在處理后須與其他飼料混合使用，禁止作為主要飼料喂用。對于嚴(yán)重霉變的飼料，應(yīng)該全部廢棄。
The English version
(1) physical methods
1, screening method by using the method of mechanical or manual line to feed screening, eliminate mildew feed; Then will not mildew further dry feed, to achieve the purpose of to mildew prevent mildew.
2, fulling of corn, soybeans and other granular materials, rinse or repeatedly with 2% lime water to rinse, namely can remove mycotoxins.
3, heat treatment method, Cake kind of raw material, the temperature of 150 degrees bake or microwave heating 8 ~ 9 minutes, 30 minutes can make the 48% ~ 61% of aflatoxin B1 and 32% ~ 40% of aflatoxin G1 was damaged.
(2) chemical methods
1, ammoniation processing Will feed mildew sealed in the fumigation cans or plastic film bags, make its moisture content over 15%, ammonia fumigation on 10 hours. Soybean meal poison method is: under the condition of relative humidity is 50%, 2% of urea is added in the soybean meal as urease, seal for 10 hours, destroys more than 70% of aflatoxin B1.
2 deal with clay, clay or zeolite and the main components of the zeolite for silicon aluminate. Silicon aluminate can select hosts with aflatoxin B1, in water solution, it for the toxin adsorption rate above 80%. Commonly used method is 0.5% of the clay is added in the feed or zeolite, can not only promote the growth and development of livestock and poultry but also remove the mycotoxin.
3, quick lime treatment 5% of quick lime is added in the mould of pig feed, its poison at a rate of 90% to 90%.
(3) biological methods
Using lactic acid bacteria fermentation, under the catalysis of enzymes, the use of aflatoxin B1 B2 into lower toxicity. With the method of feed processing, not only reduce the toxicity of mycotoxins in feed, also can increase the feed nutrition protein (bacteria). Improving palatability. Must be noted that the above method applies only to mild mouldy feed, after processing must be mixed with other food use, as main feed feed use shall be prohibited. For severe mouldy feed, all should be abandoned.
|
